Timothy Halvey & Margaret Brophy

Timothy Frederick Halvey ⊛ Undated portrait of Timothy Halvey. was born in August 1850 in County Galway, Ireland, possibly in the region known as Kilthurla. He was baptized on August 15 in a seaport village called Kinvarra in the presence of his parents, John Halvey and Catharine Hynes. His mother’s surname appears many times in local records; the “Hynes clan” allegedly built Dunguaire Castle just outside Kinvarra in 1520, but I don’t know Catharine’s connection to the family, if any. Later in life, Timothy would claim to be a descendant of the famed Irish “pirate queen” Grace O’Malley, but I have found no evidence to back this up.

Margaret Mary Hovendon Brophy (who might have gone by “Gretta”) was born on March 20, 1857 in Killabban, a townland in County Laois (then known as Queen’s County) in Ireland. She was baptized in the nearby town of Arles on March 22 in the presence of her parents, Thomas (or Michael or John) Brophy and Jane Hovendon, and her godparents, Daniel and Maria Lalor(?). She also made several unsubstantiated claims about her ancestry:

[H]er maternal ancestor, John Hovendon, came to Ireland with Henry II in 1192; maternal grandmother a niece of Captain Furrell of Kildare; mother was one of the first Catholic Hovendons since the Reformation; paternal grandfather a convert…

She also claimed to be a relative of Irish-American painter Thomas Hovenden, but I cannot find evidence of this, either.

Margaret’s ⊛ Undated portrait of Margaret Mary Brophy. father died when she was relatively young, and her mother Jane married a second time to a man named James Mooney in 1868. According to an 1897 directory of Catholic woman writers, Margaret was educated entirely by her mother and became interested in poetry at a young age. When she was seven years old, one of her poems allegedly appeared in The Carlow Post, an Irish newspaper, and according to a short biography of Margaret published in 1930 the poem received “commendation” from Irish politician Timothy Daniel Sullivan.

While Timothy and Margaret were growing up, Irishmen were leaving the country en masse. Although the worst of the Great Potato Famine had passed by 1850, the demographic shifts it caused were still ongoing, and emigration continued at a high rate for the rest of the century. At the same time, however, nationalism was becoming more popular. The Irish Republican Brotherhood, an organization dedicated to creating an independent Irish state, was founded in 1858, and many other nationalist groups formed among the Irish diaspora in America.

According to an 1892 directory, Timothy arrived in the United States on October 14, 1866 at the age of 16. He initially settled in New York, supposedly leaving Ireland to start a branch of his brother’s wool importing company. He became an American citizen on March 24, 1871, listing his address as 338 East 28th Street in New York and his sponsor as Philip M. Monaghan of 445 1st Avenue.

In 1873, the New York Daily Herald reported that 23-year-old Timothy was involved in an altercation with two other men at 141 East 23rd Street, a stable where he lived and worked. According to the Herald:

John Corrigan, […] was formerly employed at the stable […] as a hack driver and is represented by the police to be a quarrelsome bully […] A number of times he has been discharged for drunkenness and other “irregularities,” but […] the last dismissal ended in the refusal of the proprietor to reinstate him, and this seems to have induced him to greater dissipation. About half-past eleven o’clock on Monday evening he and a companion named Thomas O’Connor, […] armed with a whiskey bottle, entered the stable, […] where Timothy Halvey is watchman. […] Halvey feared to order them out until they had emptied the bottle of its contents and had broken it and strewn the fragments on the floor […] [At about midnight, Halvey] ordered Corrigan to leave, and, as he refused, ejected him. Corrigan and O’Connor returned […] and Corrigan made a furious attack upon Halvey, O’Connor assisting in the assault. Halvey […] seized a whiffletree and dealt Corrigan several blows […]

Corrigan, who had been drinking heavily, continued to fight even as the police took him to the hospital. All three men were arrested, and Timothy’s bail was set to the “insignificant figure” of $500. ⊛ This would be about $10,900 in 2021. He and O’Connor were forced to share a cell in Essex Market Prison, where, according to the Herald, “they soon became good friends.”

Halvey is a young, single man, who is represented by police to be sober and industrious. He stated that he acted in self-defence in all he did […] O’Connor, who was present at the interview, [said] he merely interfered to prevent Halvey killing his friend […]

Corrigan claimed Timothy started the fight, but the police didn’t believe him; one officer even remarked that Timothy’s actions would have been justified even if he had “killed Corrigan outright.” Several New York papers described the event as a “probable murder” even though Corrigan survived and Timothy was not charged with any crimes. The event was reported on in papers as far away as Indiana.

Margaret moved to New York in 1876 at the age of 19 after the death of her mother, and within a short time some of her poetry was allegedly published in the New York Star and the Irish World, two local newspapers. She also joined the Ladies’ Land League, a sister organization of the Irish National Land League, a political group that sought to help Irish tenant farmers.

Timothy appears to have been involved with Irish nationalism in the United States (known as “Fenianism”), but the American branch of the movement was deeply fractured by the late 1870s. The largest nationalist group in the country, Clan na Gael, competed with various smaller groups who often had differing beliefs and aims.

A certificate from the “Fenian Brotherhood of America” indicates that Timothy became a “Colonel of the LSP” ⊛ “LSP” might stand for “Legion of St. Patrick,” which was probably a suborganization. in that organization on October 10, 1874 in New York. The document is signed by Irish nationalist John O’Mahony.

Timothy’s name also appears on a list of contributors to a “Skirmishing Fund” organized by Irish nationalist Jeremiah O’Donovan Rossa in the late 1870s. O’Donovan Rossa, a member of Clan na Gael and the editor of a New York newspaper called United Irishmen, had collected donations for this fund—which he implied would finance terrorist acts in Britain. However, Clan na Gael’s leadership did not entirely support this course of action and seized the money, giving control to a board of trustees. O’Donovan Rossa reluctantly gave in to their demands, but this upset his contributors.

Timothy’s name appears again in the minutes of an 1880 meeting held by O’Donovan Rossa in Philadelphia, where, on June 28, “O’Donovan Rossa, and Timothy F. Halvey of NY, read letters from Ireland, withholding names of writers and of places.” The next morning it was “moved by Mr. Halvey, that a committee… learn what disposition had been made of the [Skirmishing] fund, or if it was yet intact, and to report back to the convention the result of their mission.” The men appointed were unable to determine what happened to the money, having been rebuffed by the leadership of Clan na Gael. ⊛ This entire situation is very complex and hard to follow. If I made a mistake or misinterpreted something, please contact me.

In the years that followed, it came to light that the Skirmishing Fund had ended up in the hands of Fenians who carried out O’Donovan Rossa’s original plan, starting what became known as the “Dynamite War” in Britain in 1881. This series of bombings, which took place sporadically until 1885, resulted in four deaths and 86 injuries ⊛ Three of the four people killed during the Dynamite War were Fenians planting a bomb. and was arguably one of the first modern terror campaigns. Timothy’s thoughts on this are unknown; by this point he would have been 31 years old.

Timothy and Margaret must have met in New York sometime in the late 1870s or early 1880s. They married on April 30, 1884 in either New York or Philadelphia when Timothy was 33 and Margaret was 27. Around this time they both moved permanently to Pennsylvania; one directory claims Timothy moved to Philadelphia as early as January 15, 1881.

An 1882 Philadelphia city directory lists Timothy at 41 North Front Street near the waterfront, which was probably an office or warehouse. In 1883 and 1884, directories list him at two addresses: 43 North Front Street and 703 Spruce Street. In 1885, a death certificate ⊛ Their first child, Robert E. Halvey (probably named after Irish nationalist Robert Emmet), died at the age of two weeks on April 1, 1885. lists their address at 1207 Race Street, but a directory lists Timothy nearby at 226 North 12th Street.

In the following years Timothy and Margaret had three surviving children:

• Brendan Hynes Halvey was born on September 27, 1886. As a young man he was a salesman and station inspector for Texaco, but he later sold insurance before becoming head custodian at a Catholic high school in 1939. He married Marie Knight Shields in 1916 and had three children: Robert Shields, Patricia Mary, and Richard Hovendon. After his wife’s death, he married Jane Birmingham in 1955. He died in 1974.
• Margaret Hovendon “Gretta” Halvey was born on October 24, 1890. In 1895, a photograph of her in Donahoe’s Magazine (where her mother was a contributor) inspired Francis Arthur Fahy to write a variation on his poem “The Ould Plaid Shawl,” ⊛ Timothy and Fahy were both from the town of Kinvarra in Galway. which was later set to music by composer William F. Glancy. In 1896, The Philadelphia Inquirer’s review of the play Crom-a-Boo by Ernest Lacy ⊛ I couldn’t find much information about Crom-a-Boo outside of the Inquirer’s review, which calls the performers “amateurish” but makes an exception for Gretta and one other actor. The Times of Philadelphia wrote that Gretta was “the youngest child actress, it is claimed, that ever took a speaking part in a play.” Gretta’s mother wrote a poem called “Crom-a-Boo” that was published in The Gael (vol. 23, issue 9) in 1904. lists her among the cast and calls her “an unusually clever child actress.” The 1900 census shows her living at Mount Saint Joseph Academy, which at the time was a boarding school on the grounds of the present day Chestnut Hill College. She became a public school teacher before her death in 1920 due to tuberculosis. She did not marry or have children.
• Catherine Inez “Nina” Halvey was born on February 25, 1893. Like her mother, she became very active in animal welfare causes, mostly as part of the American Anti-Vivisection Society. ⊛ Nina supposedly inherited a large amount of money from AAVS President Robert R. Logan, a member of the city’s prominent Logan family. This lead her brother to suspect Robert and Nina were in a relationship—but the truth has been lost to time. In 1919, she won the Blue Cross Medal in the UK for her “tireless work for the welfare of war horses and dogs used in France” during World War I. In 1927, she founded the Miss B’Kind Animal Protection Club and often spoke at schools in character as “Miss B’Kind.” Her other work included contributions to a weekly radio program about Philadelphia dogs and articles in the Anti-Vivisection Society’s magazine. She died in 1972 without marrying or having children.

In 1887 and 1888, ⊛ Timothy and Margaret with one of their children, probably Brendan (ca. 1890). city directories list Timothy at 3209 West Dauphin Street in the city’s Strawberry Mansion section. In 1889, the family moved to 1739 West Diamond Street, and at about the same time Timothy’s business address changed to 50 North Front Street.

Timothy remained politically active during these years. In August 1888, he announced his support for Republican presidential nominee Benjamin Harrison against Democratic incumbent Grover Cleveland. Trade policy was an important issue in the election that year, and Timothy said he changed his opinion on protectionist tariffs after a trip to England. The Times of Philadelphia quotes him as saying, “The [wool] mills of England have been very busy recently, and I think they are preparing to flood this country with goods as soon as free trade opens our ports to them.”

His change of party was reported in Republican newspapers as far away as Wisconsin, but The Times in Philadelphia, which appears to have been a Democrat paper, rebutted his claims on August 19, 1888. Three days later, another writer was less diplomatic:

T. F. Halvey, a so-called wool merchant at No. 50 North Front street, is another illustration of fraudulent political floppers developed by double-priced news of that sort solicited by reckless party organs.

Mr. Halvey was not a Democrat or Cleveland man when he went to Europe recently […] and it requires a severe strain upon courtesy to call him a wool merchant at all.

If Mr. Halvey is disposed to dispute these statements he can be fully convinced of their entire correctness by calling at this office.

Timothy’s candidate, Harrison, went on to win the election.

Around the same time, ⊛ Margaret’s poem “Christmas Chimes,” as republished in the Journal of Zoöphily in 1910. Margaret took up many charitable and social causes. According to an 1892 column in The Times of Philadelphia, she was involved with “Catholic temperance work.” That same year she was appointed to the Ladies’ Auxiliary Board of the World’s Fair, which helped design an exhibit at the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Her poem “Christmas Chimes” appears in the library catalog of the Woman’s Building at the exposition, and a program lists her at an event there on May 18, 1893 (probably reading her poem “Woman, the Inspirer of Great Deeds”). She might have attended the fair with her family.

In the early and mid 1890s, Timothy appears to have been involved in several odd financial deals. In 1892, The Times of Philadelphia reported that Timothy was a defendant in a lawsuit brought after the failure of the Columbian Bank five years before:

[Halvey] induced [Joseph M.] Walsh to withdraw […] from the bank he was using on a representation that the Columbian was doing a large business […] Mr. Walsh alleges, however, that Mr. Halvey knew that the Columbian was […] not a fit corporation with which to open an account, and that Mr. Halvey fraudulently intended to deceive the plaintiff.

I cannot find information on the outcome of the case, but if Timothy was found liable he would have been forced to pay Walsh $600, the equivalent of about $17,000 in 2020.

Three years later, The Philadelphia Inquirer reported on another lawsuit in which Timothy was a defendant:

The Merchants’ National Bank entered judgment against Timothy F. Halvey for $54,857.57, the amount of seven judgment notes with interest.

The amount involved here would be worth about $1.7 million today, but information about this case is also scarce. Both of these suits might have had something to do with the economic downturn occurring in the United States during the 1890s, which caused many banks to fail and American shipping rates to drop.

In 1897, Timothy’s business address changed again to 31 North Front Street, close to his previous ones. According to his obituary he retired in 1893, but the census and local directories describe him as a wool merchant as late as 1900. In 1906, his Front Street address disappears from directories, and his occupation changes to “ins.” In the following years, directories describe him as a “purchase agt,” an “ins adjuster,” and an “adjuster.” Directories stop listing an occupation in 1919, when Timothy was 69, probably indicating his retirement.

Timothy was still a firm believer in Irish nationalism, and by the turn of the century his work went towards studying and teaching the Irish language. ⊛ Timothy had studied Gaelic as far back as August 1878, when an article in New York’s The Sun describes him as president of the “Philo-Celtic Society.” The same article mentions that about 20 women were also members; perhaps this is how he met Margaret. The Gaelic American, an Irish-American newspaper, printed an article about “Professor” Halvey in 1905:

Professor T. F. Halvey, whose fame as a teacher of Gaelic is international, will give the Gaelic Language revival a great impetus in this city and vicinity this coming season. Professor Halvey is without doubt the greatest living authority in the Western Hemisphere on Ancient, Middle[,] or Modern Gaelic, and is preparing a translation into Modern Gaelic of the “Annals of the Four Masters,” as well as many of the older and more ancient manuscripts.

Professor Halvey was at one time a candidate for the Chair of Celtic at the Catholic University in Washington, D.C.

Sources also credit Timothy as the founder of Robert Emmet Day, a March 4th holiday celebrating an Irish nationalist who lead a failed rebellion in 1803.

Margaret was even more socially active than her husband, becoming a supporter of various animal welfare causes. For several decades she worked as an assistant editor of the Journal of Zoöphily, ⊛ This magazine, at various times known as The Starry Cross, The A-V, and AV Magazine, is still published by the American Anti-Vivisection Society today. a periodical issued by the American Anti-Vivisection Society and the Women’s Branch of the Pennsylvania SPCA.

A 1914 newspaper column discussed 57-year-old Margaret’s ⊛ Timothy and Margaret with their children in about 1915. efforts to save pigeons living in the courtyard of Philadelphia’s City Hall:

When Director Harte, of the Department of Health and Charities, begins his crusade against the pigeons of City Hall Square, if he does shoot one, he will find he must contend with Mrs. M. M. Halvey, office manager of the Women’s Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.

The crusade was to have begun today, but Mrs. Halvey headed a delegation of women who called upon the Director. […] Mrs. Halvey says there will be no slaughter of the pigeons.

She is not threatening in attitude or anything like that, but her one aim is to save those birds.

Pigeons roost in City Hall to this day.

In 1915, The Pennsylvania Medical Journal published a facsimile of a vaguely threatening letter Margaret sent to local doctors on behalf of the Anti-Vivisection Society. She wrote in part:

[…] because our Society is so constantly asked for a list of physicians who do not believe in Vivisection, we are addressing this letter to the physicians of Pennsylvania, asking the favor of a reply […]

When the list is published it will contain […] not only the names of those who are in favor of Vivisection, and of those who are opposed to it, but also the names of those who have failed to reply.

The journal’s response to her letter was uncomplimentary.

Despite what seems to be success with the Women’s SPCA, it appears Margaret was ousted from the group. According to the Evening Public Ledger, a “conservative” faction of the organization came to power in January 1917 after a hotly contested election, and several members of the previous administration were kicked out of SPCA offices at 36 South 18th Street. Margaret is mentioned by name:

It is understood that Mrs. T. F. Halvey will be kept out of the building if she comes around. Mrs. Halvey has been office manager for many years[,] and the storm of the election centered in great part around her. It is said she and Carlisle [another SPCA member] couldn’t get along[,] and it was very generally understood that if the conservatives won Mrs. Halvey would go and if the progressives won Mr. Carlisle would go. The report now is, however, that Mrs. Halvey will resign before she can get fired.

Margaret was still committed to the cause, however, remaining a member of the American Anti-Vivisection Society for the rest of her life.

Timothy died on August 31, 1925 at the “State Hospital” in Norristown, Pennsylvania—probably Norristown State Hospital, a psychiatric institution. ⊛ I don’t know why he was admitted to a mental hospital, although it’s likely people with non-psychological diseases were also treated in the complex. According to his death certificate, Timothy lived there for the last seven months of his life, and his official cause of death is “arterio capillary fibrosis.” He was 75 years old.

Sometime between 1930 and 1935, Margaret and her daughter Nina moved to 5116 Regent Street in Southwest Philadelphia. Margaret died there on June 25, 1946 at the age of 89 after suffering from a heart condition. She and Timothy are buried in Holy Cross Cemetery in Yeadon, Pennsylvania.

Further reading

Ancestry

Timothy Frederick Halvey’s and Margaret Mary Brophy’s entries on my Ancestry.com tree (requires a subscription). A few additional sources (mostly Philadelphia city directories) are visible here.

FamilySearch

Timothy Frederick Halvey’s and Margaret Mary Brophy’s pages on FamilySearch (requires a free account).

Sources

National Library of Ireland; Dublin, Ireland; Microfilm Number: Microfilm 02442 / 15, Ancestry.com. Ireland, Catholic Parish Registers, 1655–1915 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2016. Original data: Catholic Parish Registers, National Library of Ireland, Ireland. Link (requires subscription)

National Library of Ireland; Dublin, Ireland; Microfilm Number: Microfilm 04190 / 04. Ancestry.com. Ireland, Catholic Parish Registers, 1655-1915 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2016. Link (requires subscription)

“Dunguaire Castle in County Galway,” Galway Tourism. Link

“United States Census, 1900,” ⊛ This census shows a “Jennie M.” and a “John H. Mooney” living with the Halveys; I suspect they were Margaret’s half-siblings. Also present is a lodger named M. B. Franklin, a physician from Georgia. database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M3W9-C56 : accessed 3 November 2020), Thos F Halvey, Philadelphia city Ward 32, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) 812, sheet 5A, family 96, NARA microfilm publication T623 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1972.); FHL microfilm 1,241,473.

Ancestry.com. New York, U.S., State Census, 1905 ⊛ A 1905 New York census lists Timothy at 152 42nd Street, adjacent to Times Square. This is either the St. Cloud Hotel (closed ca. 1904) or the Knickerbocker Hotel (opened 1905); Timothy could have been one of the last to stay at the former or one of the first to stay at the latter. [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2014. New York State Archives; Albany, New York; State Population Census Schedules, 1905; Election District: A.D. 22 E.D. 06; City: Manhattan; County: New York; Page: 2. Link (requires subscription)

“United States Census, 1910,” ⊛ Jennie Mooney is living with the Halveys in 1910, as is a 13-year-old “servant” named “Annie Cooney(?)” who could also be a Mooney relative. database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MGZ2-9WG : accessed 3 November 2020), Timothy F Halvey, Philadelphia Ward 32, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 756, sheet 8B, family 168, NARA microfilm publication T624 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1982), roll 1403; FHL microfilm 1,375,416.

“United States Census, 1920,” ⊛ “Jennie Medley” is a lodger in the Halveys’ home in 1920, although this woman is apparently a physician who was born to Irish parents in California. This is likely Margaret’s half-sister or step-sister Jennie Mooney. database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MNMG-9BG : accessed 3 November 2020), T Fredrick Halvory, Philadelphia Ward 32, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; citing ED 1064, sheet 5A, line 8, family 107, NARA microfilm publication T625 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1992), roll 1633; FHL microfilm 1,821,633.

“United States Census, 1930,” ⊛ Julius(?) H. Mooney, a textile salesman who might be a cousin or half-sibling, is boarding in the Halveys’ home in 1930. database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XHWC-Q4L : accessed 4 November 2020), Margaret M Halveg, Philadelphia (Districts 0501-0750), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 728, sheet 2A, line 17, family 26, NARA microfilm publication T626 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 2002), roll 2116; FHL microfilm 2,341,850.

“United States Census, 1940,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:KQ4Z-1XV : 9 December 2019), Margaret Halvey, Ward 51, Philadelphia, Philadelphia City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) 51-2247A, sheet 61A, line 9, family 129, Sixteenth Census of the United States, 1940, NARA digital publication T627. Records of the Bureau of the Census, 1790–2007, RG 29. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 2012, roll 3756.

“A Stable Gang Battle,” ⊛ A PDF of a clipping is viewable here. New York Daily Herald, February 12, 1873; New York, New York, USA.

“Another Probable Murber [sic],” New York Tribune, February 11, 1873; New York, New York, USA. Link

“[News from] New York City,” The Evening News, February 11, 1873; Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. Link

O’Mahony, John, et al., “The Fenian Brotherhood of America to Timothy Halvey,” New York: Fenian Brotherhood of America, 1874. National Library of Ireland. Link

“An Yeauga Gaedhelige,” ⊛ A PDF of a clipping is viewable here. New York Daily Herald, November 21, 1878; New York, New York, USA.

“Dynamite for England,” ⊛ A PDF of a clipping is viewable here. The Times (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), July 26, 1881; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Transcription of “Minutes of the United Irishmen Convention,” via rootsweb.com. Link

“Why English Mills are Busy,” ⊛ A PDF of a clipping is viewable here. The Times (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), August 19, 1888; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

“A Sight of Free Trade Did It,” ⊛ This article quotes Timothy at length in a discussion about his work and politics. A PDF of a clipping is viewable here. The Morning News (Wilmington, Delaware), August 20, 1888; Wilmington, Delaware, USA.

“Still They Come,” ⊛ “Timothy E. Halvey” [sic] is mentioned toward the bottom of the third column from the left in this PDF. Watertown Republican, August 29, 1888; Watertown, Wisconsin, USA.

“Another Double-Priced Fraud,” ⊛ A PDF of a clipping is viewable here. The Times (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), August 22, 1888; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Dougherty, Daniel J., ⊛ In an 1892 meeting, Timothy and a business partner purchased 400 acres of land in Westmoreland County at the rate of 66 cents an acre. He backed out of the deal in March 1896, his partner purchasing his share. History of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick for the Relief of Emigrants from Ireland of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 1952. Falvey Memorial Library, Villanova University, pp. 31–32. Link

Untitled section on Margaret Halvey’s work with a World’s Fair committee, ⊛ A PDF of a clipping is viewable here. The Times (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), July 17, 1892; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Board of Lady Managers of the World’s Columbian Commission. 1893. List of the Books in the Library of the Woman’s Building, World's Columbian Exposition, 1893. Via the University of Pennsylvania Library. Link

M. Sewall (Ed.), The World’s Congress of Representative Women (p. 79). Chicago, Illinois: Rand, McNally & Company, 1893. Via Archive.org. Link

“An Old Bank Muddle,” ⊛ A PDF of a clipping is viewable here. The Times (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), September 16, 1892; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

“Suits on Notes for Large Amounts,” ⊛ A PDF of a clipping is viewable here. The Times (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), February 6, 1895; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

“Recovery of Debts,” ⊛ A PDF of a clipping is viewable here. The Philadelphia Inquirer, February 22, 1895; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

“The Reporter’s Nose Gay,” ⊛ The article is viewable here. The Philadelphia Record, June 5, 1895; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

“‘Crom-A-Boo’ at the Park,” ⊛ A PDF of a clipping is viewable here. The Philadelphia Inquirer, November 10, 1896; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Untitled section about Gretta Hovendon Halvey, ⊛ A PDF of a clipping is viewable here. The Times (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), November 15, 1896; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Curtis, Georgina Pell, The American Catholic Who’s Who. United States, NC News Service, 1911. Link

Burke, Bridget Ellen. Literature and Art Readers. United States, Educational Publishing Company, 1909. Link

O’Donoghue, D. J. (n.d.). Halvey, Margaret. In The Poets of Ireland: A Biographical and Bibliographical Dictionary of Irish Writers of English Verse (p. 180). Hodges, Figgis & Company. Link

Ursuline Convent of Saint Teresa (1897). Mrs. T. F. Halvey. In Immortelles of Catholic Columbian Literature: Compiled from the Work of American Catholic Women Writers (pp. 352–358). New York City, New York: D. H. McBride. Link

National Archives and Records Administration; Washington, DC; NAI Title: Index to Petitions for Naturalizations Filed in Federal, State, and Local Courts in New York City, 1792–1906; NAI Number: 5700802; Record Group Title: Records of District Courts of the United States, 1685–2009; Record Group Number: RG 21. Link (requires subscription)

Campbell, J. H. (1892). ⊛ Timothy’s DOB here (September 15, 1850) is probably incorrect, but he might not have known this himself. An 1888 passport application lists September 9, 1850 as his birth date, and his death certificate lists August 15, 1848. Biographical Sketches of the Members of the Hibernian Society. In History of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick and of the Hibernian Society for the Relief of Emigrants from Ireland (p. 420). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Hibernian Society. Link

“A Modern Ollamh,” ⊛ The title of this article jokingly calls Timothy an “ollamh.” The Gaelic American, September 9, 1905; New York, New York, USA. Link

“Irish Cling to Gaelic Tongue,” ⊛ A PDF of the page is viewable here. El Paso Herald, January 14, 1913; El Paso, Texas, USA.

“City Hall Pigeons Coo Happily While Destruction Pends,” ⊛ This article’s dry humor is something to behold. A PDF of a clipping is viewable here. Evening Public Ledger (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), September 25, 1914; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Supplement to The Pennsylvania Medical Journal, Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania. Athens, Pennsylvania, USA; February 1915. Link

“Detectives Sit Upon S.P.C.A. Lid,” ⊛ A PDF of a clipping is viewable here. Evening Public Ledger (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), January 27, 1917; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

“Local Humane Worker Gets British Decoration,” ⊛ A PDF of a clipping is viewable here. The Philadelphia Inquirer, June 27, 1919; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Young, Cecilia Mary, “Women in the News: A Catholic View,” ⊛ A short biography of Margaret published in 1930. A PDF of a clipping is viewable here. The Tablet (Brooklyn, New York), December 20, 1930; Brooklyn, New York, USA.

Cronin, K. (2012, July 02). Miss B’Kind Club. Link

Death Certificate of Timothy F. Halvey, Pennsylvania Historic and Museum Commission; Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania (State). Death certificates, 1906–1967; Certificate Number Range: 081001–084000. Link (requires subscription)

Death Certificate of Margaret M. Halvey, Pennsylvania Historic and Museum Commission; Harrisburg, PA; Pennsylvania (State). Death Certificates, 1906–1968; Certificate Number Range: 054451–056850 Link (requires subscription)

Obituary of T. F. Halvey; ⊛ A PDF of a clipping is viewable here. The Philadelphia Inquirer, September 2, 1925; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

“Mrs. Halvey Dies; Author, Editor 92,” ⊛ A PDF of a clipping is viewable here. The Philadelphia Inquirer, June 27, 1946; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

“Find A Grave Index,” database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVVG-XM2V : 13 September 2020), Timothy F Halvey; Burial, Yeadon, Delaware, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Holy Cross Cemetery; citing record ID 18182521, Find a Grave, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/18182521.